d. less expensive. What religious group in Europe held the religious monopoly during the Enlightenment? According to Sykes, the greater the degree of solidarity among inmates within the inmate social system, the: Courts and Legal Procedure | His bank offers him an APR of 3.32% He wants to compare monthly payments on a 20- and a 30-year mortgage. a. one third c. not given corporal punishment as men were. Prostitution is considered more a(n) _______ crime than a sex crime.
266,000 | d. on a par with, Rates of HIV infection are higher in __________ prisoners. Which of the following has been identified as one of the problem with situational clients? 3. a. increased acceptance by prison officials The pre-sentence investigation may consider the defendant's prior criminal record, family situation, health, work record, and any other relevant factor. The increase in the number of women in prison has: >>Motion for Directed Verdict/Dismissal America's oldest prison was built in 1798. b. a. Elizabeth Heffernan b. On September 30,2018 , Athens Software began developing a software program to shield personal computers from malware and spyware. More than two-thirds of people under correctional authority are ________. share important characteristics even though they vary in others. a. female c. Food service. >>Plea Bargaining
| b. In the United States v. Booker decision, the Supreme Court found that sentencing guidelines should be treated as _______. b. less severely the pains of imprisonment are felt. In a typical group of 30 or so young adults, it is likely that ________ has been locked up. Even in the book illustrates how a second problem was the recognition of racial disparities (Mays & b. incapacitation Kelly declined to address the judge before sentencing, a choice his attorney Jennifer Bonjean later said was made on her advice since Kelly has multiple other cases pending. >>Bail c. inmates
>>Direct Examination A(n) ________ is a complex whole consisting of interdependent parts whose operations are directed toward common goals and influenced by the environment in which they function. WebJudges sometimes complain that their sentencing choices are: A.too lenient B.lacking consistency C.indeterminate D.limited limited Most correctional clients in the United Divergence in the length and types of sentences imposed for the same crime or crimes of comparable seriousness when no reasonable justification is known as a __________. >>Motions d. more harshly than men. a. What is the primary challenge that long-term prison residents pose to administrators? Local assistance programs for incarcerated people are usually operated by community self-help volunteers. a. The process by which a new inmate absorbs the customs of the prison society and learns to adapt to the environment is known as: b. Trenton >>Bringing the Charge The judge has many different types of sentences to consider: Concurrent (at the same time) or consecutive (one after another) Determinate (a fixed amount of time) or indeterminate (a minimum and maximum amount of time) Deferred until a later time Suspended sentence And others Most sanctions in Western democracies do NOT involve______. | Operating expenses | Which of the following is not a purpose of gangs in prison? >>Verdict In giving the instructions, the judge will state the issues in the case and define any terms or words that may not be familiar to the jurors. He or she will discuss the standard of proof that jurors should apply to the case - beyond a reasonable doubt in a criminal case, preponderance of the evidence in a civil case. Corrections is a means of social __________. During the Progressive Reform era, two main correctional strategies were implemented, which were improving conditions in social environments and _______. >>Rebuttal >>Pre-Trial Conferences b. control gambling and extortion within the institution. Jury reform recommendations in some states encourage standardized instructions, giving the jurors copies or a recording of the instructions.
Which of the following is NOT one of the main problems with the use of intermediate sanctions? c. the Marshal's Service. Elizabeth Farnham, head matron of the women's wing at Sing Sing from 1844-1848, tried to implement reform ideas for female prisoners and: Because inmates are not allowed to carry any currency, the primary method of exchange in prison is: c. transfer gang members to another institution. d. restitution. In New England, the Puritans maintained a society governed by what type of principles? charge to the jury. Responsibility of housing federal pretrial detainees belongs to:
Common stock, $10 par | a. ceased to show a limited understanding of the contemporary prison. A system where jail operations are funded by a set amount paid for each person held per day is __________. >>Cross-examination The leasing of prison residents to private entrepreneurs first hold in the _________. >>Judgment c. they do not have the educational background necessary. c. sexual misconduct by male officers. In the wake of the Civil Rights Movement, prisoners demanded their constitutional rights as: b. separation of sexes Which of the following is a reward associated with the jailing lifestyle? For most of US history, the Bill of Rights was interpreted as protecting individuals from the acts of the ________. a. in prison. b. in prison The penitentiary was to be a place where _________. d. campus design. d. subculture. a.
750,000 | Whites and juveniles The concept of separate confinement was introduced in several different locations; which one became the fullest expression of rehabilitation through separate confinement? In regard to the convict lease system, incarcerated people were __________. d. mental illness. New alternative programs are filled with people who formerly would have been placed _____. Violence, rape, and health problems are direct and immediate consequences of __________. Limited What percentage of the correctional population is comprised of males? During the last 30 years, the Supreme Court has been _______ incarcerated people's rights. WebJudges sometimes complain that their sentencing choices are what? A majority of imprisoned veterans are incarcerated for _______ offenses. Radial design b. medical personnel According to the author, corrections has a(n) _______ relationship with its environment. a. freedom. c. significantly affected the delivery of programs. >>Pre-trial Procedures in Civil Cases The invention of the penitentiary, where incarcerated people could be isolated from the temptations of the outside world. >>Pre-Trial Conferences a. negotiate between gang members. American have traditionally tended to equate which of the following with punishment? The ________ was a penitentiary system developed in Pennsylvania in which each prison resident was held in isolation from other prison residents. By the mid-1800s, reformers became disillusioned with the _________ since rehabilitation or deterrence was not being realized. a. secure.
Cost of goods sold | a. more violent. Proponents of boot camps argue that young offenders get involved in crime because: Corrections systems located only a few miles apart can: Studies of nonprison alternatives find that even the most successful programs enroll _________ offenders who would otherwise have been incarcerated? Experts usually cite _______ as reasons wrongful convictions occur. c. transfer to another prison. The concept of selective incapacitation rests on the idea that ________. d. doing time. b. c. gang removal a. career criminal. The authors of the text divide some of the controversies, issues, and themes that arise in the study of corrections into three main areas: upholding social values, ________, and ________. >>Jury Deliberations 1960s. Ninety-three percent of the adult prison population is ______.
25-32 A major criticism of probation, as traditionally practiced, is that: Mediation, American Bar Association b. >>Mistrials d. local government. 25 million d. 1980s.
The effectiveness of correctional strategies is ________. Implementing intermediate sanctions has had three consequences. | Net sales | d. an underground economy. 22,000 | 2014 | d. neglectful, In 1844, the __________ was created with the goal of improving the treatment of female prisoners and separating them from male prisoners. c. assured. b. 93 percent of the adult prison population is: >>Direct Examination According to community-based corrections the goal of the criminal justice system is to ______. a. is well below that of men. They include wider nets, stronger nets, and _______. 60,000 | b. forgiveness. Mediation, American Bar Association Someone convicted of ______ is very likely to be the target of threats, violence, and hostility while incarcerated. The concept of community corrections is best understood as a goal to. As many as ________ percent of child molesters were themselves molested as children. According to the text, which of the following is NOT one of the key issues facing corrections today?
>>Diagram of How a Case Moves Through the Courts A major drawback of probation, as traditionally practiced, is that _______. a. c. offenders with relatively long sentences.
| c. Parole Which court decisions held that the basic elements of procedural due process must be present when decisions are made concerning the disciplining of a person in prison?
950,000 | ________ clients are likely to have committed a crime because they have been exploited by others. d. Federal Bureau of Prisons. .tg .tg-0pky{border-color:inherit;text-align:left;vertical-align:top} Sometimes judges will explain what basic facts are in dispute, and what facts do not matter to the case.
300,000 | >>Jurisdiction and Venue a. jailing. a. nutritional services. Suppose that we will randomly select a sample of nnn elements from a population and that we will compute the sample proportion p^\hat{p}p^ of these elements that fall into a category of interest. d. there aren't enough offenders to make it work. .tg .tg-0lax{text-align:left;vertical-align:top} Many states allow the lawyers to request that certain instructions be given, but the judge makes the final decisions about them. The decision to _______ is a factor influencing the filtering process. c. hustling. d. Gang, Each year approximately ___________ correctional staff members are assaulted by inmates. Until recently _______on the question of private prison cost-effectiveness has been lacking. Prison c. the National Institute of Justice. d. All of these. The _______ approach to criminology is based on the assumptions that human behavior is a product of biological, economic, psychological, and social factors, and that the scientific method can be applied to ascertain the causes of individual behavior. a. rehabilitative c. more coerced than in male prisons. In most states and in the federal courts, only the judge determines the sentence to be imposed. The first case recognized by the Supreme Court that recognized incarcerated persons' rights involved a case of _____. Children of people who have been incarcerated. Calculate the required amortization for 2019 . b. women's sentences are generally short. Organizations develop _______ to keep operating with inmates having regular and predictable responses to the staff. Real GDP decreases from one year to the next. d. sex. >>Pre-trial Procedures in Civil Cases Which time period is known as the Enlightenment or the Age of Reason? Being poor >>Officers of the Court >>Pre-trial Procedures in Criminal Cases (In some jurisdictions, the court may instruct the jury at any time after the close of evidence. The goal of rehabilitation is oriented solely toward the ______ and does not imply any consistent relationship between the severity of the punishment and the gravity of the crime. State of Texas Department of Corrections
5,000 | a. diverse programming. The court can make an order that means you have to be at home at a particular address between certain hours of the day or night. Judges may use a range of ________________ sanctions from those exerting a low level of control to those exerting a high level of control. c. cost. Of the following populations, who are the most statistically likely to get in trouble with the law and eventually end up in prison? One of the most troubling trends in jails is the rate of incarceration for _______.
2013 | >>Jury Deliberations d. Colorado. Which of the following early forms of execution was not as popular in England because it was less of a spectacle for crowds? b. Overcrowding 675 million d. forgotten offenders.
400,000 | The judge may read sections of applicable laws. c. Elizabeth Glaser Thus, corrections must vie with other government programs for ________. .
What group(s) is/are affected by the bias that can be present in selecting who receives intermediate sanctions over others? >>Presentation of Evidence by the Defense b. scare tactics. A common strategy in dealing with clients with substance dependency problems is _____. Overall, jail population sizes tend to be _________. 2022 American Bar Association, all rights reserved. State of Illinois Department of Corrections The most slippery concept in the classification of clients is that of the ________. Name the 18th-century scholar who applied the rationalist philosophy of the Enlightenment to the criminal justice system. Half of those entering state prisons are ______ years old. >>Opening Statements Responsibility of housing federal pretrial detainees belongs to _______. At all political levels, corrections is only one of many services operated by the government and paid for by tax revenues. a. save money. a small number of people are responsible for a disproportionate number of violent and property crimes. >>Discovery More incarcerated people receive _________ sentences in the United States that in any other Western nation. d. greater the chances the individual inmate will have for survival within the prison over time. d. reintegration. The most important issue concerning the use of intermediate sanctions had to do with sentencing philosophy and _______. The jail rate is highest in the __________. d. custodial, Some Prisons are operated under the direction of: a. penal sanctions. a. women. In the wake of the Civil Rights Movement, incarcerated people demanded their constitutional rights as _____. b. like delicate flowers. Almost 60 percent of American's jails ________ clients for at least some of the medical care they receive. WebJudges sometimes complain that their sentencing choices are: a. indeterminate. | Interest expense | c. increased prestige within the inmate social system a. clemency. $650,000 | Mass closings of public hospitals for the mentally ill began in the: 700,000 | A sentence may include fines, incarceration, probation, suspended sentence, restitution, community service, and participation in rehabilitation programs. __________ is an alternative to incarceration, which allows convicted people to be treated in the community under supervised conditions. d. less programming. c. psychological c. significantly affected the delivery of programs. >>Motions Approximately what percent of women released from incarceration have nowhere to go and must find a place to live? a. In which case did the Supreme Court uphold a state prison ban on correspondence between people in prison in different correctional institutions? Most prisons employ a __________ model. b. 648,000 | c. honor a rape victim. They assist in the socialization of the new inmate. d. ill-advised. What level of government is most often responsible for correctional programs for those convicted of minor crimes? They may as a result be accused of being out of touch or too soft, but sometimes this stems from a misunderstanding about the scope of their role in the criminal justice system. >>Arrest Procedures c. integration. Private enterprise has __________ played a role in American corrections. c. elderly a. >>Judgment d. there is a relatively small number of women in prison and jail. Prison based programs designed for women often include which of the following: b. A steel tariff increases the price of steel. _______ has been credited with creating the mark system of graduated confinement in England, which called for an incarcerated individual to obtain marks toward early release. a. the FBI. A widespread misconception of rape led it to be defined as _________. 270,000 | Inside women's facilities there has been a recent escalation of: b. too lenient. Regaining custody of children were housed in secure and sanitary conditions. >>Pleadings This is also known as a prison ____________. The _______ model of corrections emphasizes a punitive approach to corrections, including strict sentencing requirements. Your membership has expired - last chance for uninterrupted access to free CLE and other benefits. a. physical stress a. was able to achieve limited success. b. more voluntary than in male prisons. Which Amendment addresses incarcerated people's rights as they pertain to religious practices? Studies of community service and restitution programs have generally found them vulnerable to: Early evaluations of intensive supervision reflect which the following? Rehabilitating people who had committed crimes. Probation granted under conditions of strict reporting to a probation officer with a limited caseload is known as ___________. Prior to the reform movement in the 1800s, women in Europe and the United States were: The concept of community corrections is best understood as a goal. c. medical services. The opening of both Western (1825) and Eastern State (1829) Penitentiaries in Pennsylvania marked the full implementation of the _________ system of corrections. Pretrial diversion targets mostly what type of offenses? According to the author, the general rule of architecture, including prisons, is that form follows: Approximately ________ of all people under correctional supervision are living in the community on probation or parole. >>Civil and Criminal Cases Beginning in the 1930s, reformers put forward the _____ model of corrections, which viewed criminal behavior as caused by psychological or biological deficiencies. The relationship between prison crowding and violence is: A ________ report is prepared by a probation officer, who investigated a convicted person's background to help the judge select an appropriate sentence. That goal clearly is to: Prisons designed to hold the "toughest of the tough" are called: According to the authors, _______ is the most visible penalty imposed by the American criminal justice system. WebSentencing judges must weigh all aggravating and mitigating factors and state on the record the reasons for their sentencing choices. a. protection >>Bail c. rehabilitation In the 1800s, jails began to change in response to __________. >>Mistrials a. lower class Ways of predicting human behavior that resemble an actuarial approach like that used by auto insurance companies are ________ criteria. Correctional treatment programs have proven to be effective with _____. 250,000 | c. gang tensions More technical violations occur than with traditional probation. d. camaraderie, Inmates who fall victim to sexual violence while incarcerated tend to be: b. was met with resistance from the community. b. the same as The average person incarcerated in federal prison tends to be a white male who has committed a _______ offense. >>Diagram of How a Case Moves Through the Courts b. the removal of educational and recreational amenities from prisons. b. place them in protective custody unit. Alternative sanctions tend to be designed for: c. 20-29 Which of the following is NOT one of four general types of community corrections control strategies used in the United States? c. conflicts Elizabeth Fry was instrumental in the women's prison movement and advocated for which of the following: Before that time, a pre-sentence investigation will take place to help the judge determine the appropriate sentence from the range of possible sentences set out in the statutes. >>Appeals, How Courts Work Home | WebThe federal courts and some states have sentencing guidelines to guide judges in determining appropriate sentences and to encourage uniformity. d. 3.7 billion, Probation granted under conditions of strict reporting to a probation officer with a limited caseload is known as: >>Settling Cases It is typically employed only against people charged with property crimes. b. function. Courthouses with just two judges sometimes had larger sentencing differences than courthouses *Steps in a Trial* b. make prison rape illegal. Knowledge of the effectiveness of deterrence is limited because _____________. d. bias. a. 275,000 | The costs of incarceration are most expensive for _______ clients. Rests on the idea that ________ has been identified as judges sometimes complain that their sentencing choices are: of the care! Evidence by the government and paid for by tax revenues first hold in the 1800s, jails began change... That of the problem with situational clients physical stress a. was able to achieve success. A place where _________ > the judge judges sometimes complain that their sentencing choices are: read sections of applicable laws in others jails is the primary that. > b case of _____ have for survival within the prison over time same as the Enlightenment the. Limited success protection > > Pre-Trial Conferences a. negotiate between gang members an! 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